Indo-European etymology : Query result

Proto-IE: *pera-, *prā-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to sell

Old Greek: pérnǟmi, pérnamai̯, piprǟ́skomai̯, ft. inf. peráan (Hom.), aor. epéra(s)sa, pf. péprǟka, p. péprǟmai̯ `zum Verkauf ausführen, verkaufen'; prǟ̂si-s f. `Verkauf', apó-prǟma n. `Afterpacht', prǟtḗr m. `Verkäufer', prǟ́tōr `id.', ? pórnǟ f. `feine Dirne, Hure'

Celtic: *hrna- > OIr renim `verkaufe', subj. st. ria-; pf. ni rir `non vendidit'

Russ. meaning: продавать

References: WP II 40 f (different in Pok.)

Proto-IE: *perd-

Meaning: to fart

Old Indian: pardate (D.) `to break wind'

Avestan: 3 sg. pǝrǝδaiti, 3 pl. pǝrǝδǝn `sie furzen'

Old Greek: pérdomai̯, aor. -pardẹ̄̂n, pf. (prs.-Bed.) péporda `furzen'; pordǟ́ f. `Furz', prád[ǟ]si-s f. `das Furzen'

Slavic: *pьrdḗtī, *pьrdjǭ

Baltic: *pir̂d- (*per̂d-a-) (2) vb.

Germanic: *frit-a-/*firt-a- vb.; *firt=, *furt-i- c., *frat-ō- vb., *fart-a- m., *fart-ō- vb.

Celtic: *hrkkā > Cymr rhech `Furz'

Albanian: pjerɵ `pedo', porδɛ `Furz'

Russ. meaning: furzen

References: WP II 49

Proto-IE: *perǝk(')-

Meaning: a k. of spotty fish (trout, perch)

Old Greek: pérkǟ f. 'a river-fish, perch' LS 1394

Germanic: *f[í]rx-n-ōn- f., *fúrx-n-ō f.

Latin: porcus, -ī m. `Name eines Fisches mit Stachelflossen'

Celtic: Ir earc `Lachs', MIr orc `Lachs'

Russ. meaning: рыба (пятнистая - форель, окунь)

References: WP II 45 f

Proto-IE: *perǝk'-

Meaning: ribs, chest

Old Indian: párśu- m. `rib', pārśvá- m., n. `region of the ribs, side, flank'; prṣṭí- f. `rib'

Avestan: parǝsu- f. `Rippe', pǝrǝsu- m. `Rippe (in Zs.); Rippengegend, Seite'; Osset fars `Seite, Strich, Gegend'

Slavic: *pьrsь, *pьrsī

Baltic: *pir̂č-i-, -ia- c.

Russ. meaning: ребра, грудная клетка

References: WP II 44 F

Proto-IE: *perǝ-, *prē-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to heat, to burn

Old Greek: pímprēmi, inf. -ánai̯, pimpráō, ipf. hom. en-éprēthon, aor. prē̂sai̯, p. prēsthē̂nai̯, pf . péprē(s)mai̯, pf. péprēka `(an)blasen, aufblasen, anfachen, anzünden, verbrennen', prēdṓn, -ónos f. `entzündliche Geschwulst', prēmái̯nō `heftig blasen' (and many forms from the root prēs-)

Slavic: *pārъ, *pā́rā, *pā́rītī; *prētī, *prējǭ

Russ. meaning: греть, жечь

References: WP II 27 f

Proto-IE: *perǝ-, *pro-, *prey-, *p^erǝm-, *p^erǝw-, *prom-, etc.

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: fore, first, etc.

Hittite: para 'vorwärts, hervor, hinaus' (Friedrich 159), piran 'vorn, voran' (170)

Tokharian: A ana-pär, B ene-pre (PT *ene-pre) 'before, in front of' (Adams 84); A pärne, B parna 'outside' (PT *päränā-i) (359); A pärwat, B parwe 'earlier, first' (PT *pärwe) (360)

Old Indian: pára- 'far, distant, remote; previous, former', paráḥ prp. 'beyond, further, off, away', párā `away, off etc.'; pū́rva- `first'; prā-tár `at dawn'

Avestan: pairi adv. 'vorne; zuvor, früher'; prp. 'um-herum, "dē"; über--hin; in, bei; von--her, von--weg; ex (aliqua re cognoscere)'; para- 'ulterior, der andere spätere, künftige'; parō prp.

Other Iranian: OPers pariy adv. 'vorne; zuvor, früher'; para- 'ulterior'

Old Greek: ion. próka adv. 'sofort', prómo- 'vordester', prómo-s 'Vorsteher, Vorkämpfer, Führer'; pérǟ(n) 'darüber hinaus, jenseits', parái̯ usw. (prámo-s = prómos dub. on Ar. Th.30); prṓǟn, prṓi̯ǟn `kürzlich, vorgestern'; prōí, att. prō̂i̯, prṓ́ï̯, prō̂i `früh, morgens'

Slavic: *pьrvъ; *perdъ; *prī, *pro, *prokъ, *pročь(jь), etc.

Baltic: *pir̂-m-a- adj., *prei(-), *per̂-n-a- adj. (1), *prī-k=

Germanic: *fir-n-a-; *frō-

Latin: per prf., bei Adj. verstärkend, prp., prīmus; ? prandium 'Frühmahlzeit' (*prām-ediom); prae; prīvus 'für sich bestehend, einzeln, eigentümlich, eine Sache beraubt'; reci-procus, pl. gen. procum 'procerum', pl. proceres 'die Vornehmster; die aus der Wand herausragenden Balkenköpfe'; procul

Other Italic: Osk per- (peremust 'peremerit'), Osk perum prp. 'sine'; Osk, Umbr pert 'trans, ultra', prf., prp. 'trans'; Umbr promom adv.'primum'

Celtic: *eri-, *ero-: OIrl er, ir 'vor, für', air, ar, Gall are- prf., prp.; OCymr, Corn yr, er 'wegen, für'; OIr ire (*peri̯os) 'ulterior'

Albanian: pɛr prp. 'für, um, über, wegen; von--ehr', pej, pe prp. 'von, aus, über, nach, gegen'; parɛ 'primus'

Russ. meaning: передний, первый и т. д.

References: WP II 29 ff

Comments: + *pres, *pros, *pr̥-, *p(e)ra, *prō̆, *proti, *pru, *porsō(d)

Proto-IE: *perg-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: board, beam

Slavic: *pórgъ `Schwelle; Diele, Bank'

Baltic: *per̂g-a-/*per̃g-a- c.

Germanic: *firk-al-a- m., *furk-a- m.

Latin: pergula f. `Vorbau an einem Hause, einer Mauer; Bude, Laden; Malerwerkstätte; Weingelände; Hütte; Bordell; Dach-, Mansardenzimmer'

Russ. meaning: доска, бревно

References: WP II 48

Proto-IE: *perg-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: fear

Tokharian: A, B pärsk- (PT *pär(k)-sk-) 'feel fear, be fraid' (Adams 375)

Armenian: erkiuɫ `Furcht', erknčim `ich fürchte'; erk `Mühe, Beschwerde, Kummer'

Germanic: *furx-t-ō f., *furx-t-īn-, -ō f.; *furxt-a- adj.; *furx-t-ia- vb., *furx-t-ō- vb.

Russ. meaning: страх

References: WP II 48

Proto-IE: *perk'-

Meaning: motley, coloured

Old Indian: pŕ̥śni- `variegated'

Old Greek: perknó- `gesprenkelt, dunkelfleckig'; perkázdō , -omai̯, perkái̯nō `dunkelfleckig werden, zu reifen beginnen', act. `dunkel färben'

Latin: pulc(h)er, -c(h)ra (OLat polcher) `schön, hübsch; fett; ohne Schaden; herrlich, ruhmvoll, behaglich''

Celtic: *herk- > MIr erc (O'Clery) `bunt, rot'; Cymr erch `dunkelbraun'

Russ. meaning: пестрый, цветной

References: WP II 46 F

Proto-IE: *perk-

Meaning: to mix, to fill

Old Indian: pr̥ṇákti, pr̥ñcati, piparkti, ptc. pr̥ktá- `to mix, mingle, put together with'

Celtic: *herkā-mi > Mir ercaim `fülle'

Russ. meaning: смешивать, наполнять

References: WP II 47

Proto-IE: *perk-, *merk-

Meaning: to buy

Baltic: *pir̃k- (*per̃k-a-) vb. tr., *prek-iā̃ (1?) f.

Latin: merx, -cis f. `Ware', mercārī `Handel treiben, kaufen', mercēs, -ēdis f. `Verdienst, Sold, Zins'

Other Italic: Osk amiricatud `*immercātō (ohne Entgelt)', amiricum `*immercārī'

Celtic: *hrknā- > OIr inf. dat. reicc `zu ferkaufen'

Russ. meaning: покупать

References: WP II 40 f (different in Pok.)

Proto-IE: *perkun-, -g-

Meaning: some deity

Old Indian: parjánya- m. `god of rain; rain, rain-cloud'

Slavic: [ *pergɨ̄njī мелкая бесовка < герм.? ]

Baltic: *per̃kū̂n-a-, *per̃kō̂n-a-, *per̃kaũn-a- m.

Germanic: *firgun-ja- m., n., -jō f.

Russ. meaning: божество (громовержец?)

References: WP II 43 f

Comments: Somewhat confused with a similar root for 'mountain, forest'.

Proto-IE: *perkʷ-

Meaning: a k. of tree (oak; pine)

Germanic: *fúrx-ō f., *firx=, *furx-ia- n.

Latin: quercus, -ūs f. `Eiche; das aus Eichenholz Gefertigte; Eichel'

Russ. meaning: дерево (дуб/сосна)

References: WH

Proto-IE: *pers-

Meaning: snowy, speck of dust, drop

Hittite: pappars- (I/II) 'spritzen, sprengen' (Friedrich 157)

Tokharian: A, B pärs- 'to sprinkle' (Adams 375)

Old Indian: parṣati `to sprinkle'; pŕṣant- `spotted, speckled; sprinkling', pŕṣatī f. `dappled cow or mare, spotted doe', pŕṣat, prṣatá- m. `drop of water'

Avestan: paršuya- `Schneewasser ?'

Slavic: *pьršītī, *pьrxъ, *porxъ, *pьrstь

Baltic: *per̃s-l-ā̂, *par̃s-l-ā̂ f., *purs-l-ā̂ f. (Lith CIRC/Lett AC, 1), *pur̃s-l-a- c

Germanic: *fúrs-a- m.

Russ. meaning: снежинка, пылинка, капелька

References: WP II 50

Proto-IE: *persn-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: heel

Hittite: parsina- c. 'Oberschenkel, Lende' (Friedrich 163)

Tokharian: B porsno 'ankle ?' (Adams 404)

Old Indian: pā́rṣni- f. `heel'

Avestan: pāšna- n. 'Ferse'

Old Greek: ptérnǟ f. `Ferse'

Germanic: *firzn-ṓ, *fírsn-ī(n-) f., *fársn-ō f.

Latin: perna f. `Hinterkeule von Tieren, Schweinsschinken'

Russ. meaning: пятка

References: WP II 50 f

Proto-IE: *perst- (-sth-)

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: post, finger, peak (mountain)

Old Indian: pr̥ṣthá- m. `back, hinder part; upper side, top, height'

Avestan: paršta- m. `Rücken', paršti- f. `Rücken'

Old Greek: pastás, -ádos f. `Anbau, Säulenhalle, Vorhalle; inneres Gemach, Brautkammer'

Slavic: *pьrstъ

Baltic: *pir̃št-a- n.

Germanic: *first-i- c., *furst-i- c.

Latin: postis, -is m. `Pfosten, Türpfosten', pl. `Tür'

Russ. meaning: торчащий конец (гора, столб, палец etc.)

References: WP II 603 f

Comments: At least some of the forms may be < *per-sth-o- (see *stā-)

Proto-IE: *pert- (-th-; Gr pt-)

Meaning: twig, sprout

Armenian: orth (o-St.) `Weinstock, Rebe'

Old Greek: ptórtho-s m. `Sprössling, Trieb, junger Zweig, Ast'

Slavic: *perkā `Querstange'

Latin: pertica f. `Stange, langer Stock'

Other Italic: Osk perek<aís> `perticīs'; Umbr perkaf `virgās', percam `virgam'

Russ. meaning: прут

References: WP II 49

Proto-IE: *per(w)e-, *prōw-

Meaning: to give (opportunity), to present

Old Indian: pūrtá- n. `reward'

Old Greek: aor. époron `verschaffen, schenken, darreichen, gewähren', péprōtai̯, ptc. peprōmémo- `es ist (vom Schicksal) gegeben, bestimmt'

Celtic: *her-, *hihrā- > OIr er- `gewähren (von Gott)', conj. r-a-ǟra `er möge es gewähren', prt. ro-īr `er gewährte', ft. *ebraid'

Albanian: pruva, prura `brachte, führte'

Russ. meaning: предоставлять

References: WP II 41 f

Proto-IE: *perw-, *perōun-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: some deity

Hittite: Piru̯a- `a k. of superior deity'; peruna- (piruna-) c. 'Fels' (Friedrich 167), pirwa- 'bestimmte Art von Felsen (auch als Gottheiten)' (170)

Tokharian: ? A pāreṃ 'rock, stone'

Old Indian: párvata- m., parvatí-, parvatī́ f. `mountain, hill, rock'; paru- m. `mountain (L.)'

Avestan: paurvatā-

Old Greek: kerau̯nó-s m. `Donnerkeil, Wetterstrahl, Blitz'

Slavic: *perūnъ, *peronъ (под влиянием *tъronъ)

Russ. meaning: бог горной вершины, громовержец

References: ?

Proto-IE: *pes-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: penis

Old Indian: pásas- n. `penis'

Old Greek: péos n. `das männliche Glied'

Slavic: *opesъkā (Czech opeska `praeputium')

Germanic: *fás-Vl=, *fís-Vl=

Latin: pēnis, -is m. `Schwanz; männliches Glied'

Russ. meaning: penis

References: WP II 68

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